ABSTRACT Purpose to characterize the degree of intensity and discomfort of tinnitus in post-COVID-19 individuals. Methods observational, exploratory and cross-sectional research with 242 participants, divided into two equal groups matched according to sex and age group. The control group, composed of individuals with tinnitus in the pre-pandemic period, and the study group, composed of participants who reported post-COVID-19 tinnitus in different regions of the country. General and domain-specific scores from the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were compared through descriptive statistical analysis, normality tests, comparison of groups and correlation between variables. Results in each group, 93 participants were female and 28 male, with a mean age of 35 years. The “negligible” and “mild” degrees of the THI and the “mild” and “moderate” of the VAS were higher for the SG, while the catastrophic domain of the THI and the VAS indicate worse scores for the CG. There was a significant difference between all domains of the inter- and intra-group scales. Conclusion milder manifestations of post-COVID-19 tinnitus disturbance, intensity and discomfort were found, compared to symptoms arising from other causes. Thus, the self-reported impact of the studied population was lower, pointing to better therapeutic and prognostic possibilities.

RESUMO Objetivo caracterizar o grau de intensidade e desconforto do zumbido de indivíduos, pós-COVID-19. Métodos pesquisa observacional, exploratória e de corte transversal com 242 participantes, divididos em dois grupos iguais, pareados de acordo com gênero e faixa etária: grupo-controle (GC), composto por indivíduos com zumbido em período pré-pandêmico, e grupo de estudo (GE), composto por participantes que referiram zumbido pós-COVID-19, de diferentes regiões do país. Foram comparados os escores gerais e de domínios específicos do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) e da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), por meio de análise estatística descritiva, testes de normalidade, comparação de grupos e de correlação entre as variáveis. Resultados em cada grupo, 93 participantes eram do gênero feminino e 28, do masculino, sendo a média das idades de 35 anos. Os graus desprezível e leve do THI e leve e moderado da EVA foram maiores para o GE, enquanto o domínio catastrófico do THI e a EVA apontaram piores escores para o GC. Houve diferença significativa entre todos os domínios das escalas inter e intragrupos. Conclusão manifestações mais brandas de incômodo, intensidade e desconforto do zumbido pós-COVID-19 foram encontradas, em comparação ao sintoma decorrente de outras causas. Assim, o impacto do zumbido para a população estudada foi menos autorreferido, apontando para melhores possibilidades terapêuticas e prognósticas.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in the usability test of the tinnitus assessment application. Methods This is a descriptive usability test study that assessed the satisfaction, effectiveness, and efficiency of the application. The test was carried out virtually via Google Forms. First, the participants received instructions on how to access and use Avazum, through texts and illustrative images. Afterward, the users used the application, observing its functions and usability. Next, the participants answered the usability questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21.0, to perform descriptive analysis such as frequency, percentages of data in the System Usability Questionnaire (SUS), and analysis in the Net Promoter Score (NPS). Results Thus, the overall mean SUS score was consistent with satisfactory usability, which implies that the application does not present serious usability problems. Also, the overall NPS percentage indicated very good user satisfaction, with a good percentage of promoting users. As far as effectiveness is concerned, it was found that Avazum reached its goals, besides being efficient, as it uses clear language and is comfortably used. Conclusion Avazum obtained very good satisfaction from users, in addition to achieving its goals. It proved to be effective, has clear language, and is comfortably used, adducing efficiency in the multidisciplinary evaluation of tinnitus.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a efetividade, eficiência e satisfação no teste de usabilidade para o aplicativo de avaliação do zumbido. Método Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de teste de usabilidade, no qual será avaliado satisfação, eficácia e eficiência do aplicativo. O teste foi realizado virtualmente por meio de um formulário do Google Forms. Primeiramente, os participantes receberam as instruções de acesso e uso do avazum através de textos e imagens ilustrativas. Logo após, os usuários fizeram o uso do aplicativo, observando suas funções e usabilidade. Em seguida, os participantes responderam o questionário de usabilidade. A análise estatística foi realizada no software Statistics Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 21.0 para realizar a análise descritiva como frequência, percentagens dos dados do System Usability Questionnaire (SUS), além de análise do score do Net Promoter Score (NPS). Resultados Sendo assim, a média geral do score do SUS foi condizente com score de usabilidade satisfatório, o que implica dizer que o aplicativo não apresenta graves problemas de usabilidade, além da porcentagem geral NPS indicar uma satisfação muito boa dos usuários, com bom percentual de usuários promotores. No que diz respeito sobre a efetividade, foi possível observar que o Avazum atinge os objetivos propostos, além de ser eficiente, pois apresenta uma linguagem clara e confortabilidade durante o uso. Conclusão O Avazum obteve satisfação muito boa dos usuários, além de atingir os objetivos propostos, tornando-o efetivo, apresentou uma linguagem clara e confortabilidade durante o uso, aduzindo eficiência na avaliação multidisciplinar do zumbido.

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus affects a large portion of the world’s population. There are several questionnaires being used for the evaluation of the severity of tinnitus and its impact in quality of life; however, they do not measure treatment-related changes. So, a new self-reported questionnaire was developed, the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), which has been translated into several languages. Objective To perform the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the TFI questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese. Method This is a multicenter project divided into two stages: translation and cultural adaptation; and validation and reliability. For the validation, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TFI was correlated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) domains for tinnitus and quality of life and was evaluated by the Spearman ρ test. The reliability and internal consistency were evaluated by the Cronbach α test. Result The Brazilian version of the TFI was obtained through an initial translation process, synthesis of translations, backtranslation and evaluation by a committee of experts. This version was then applied in 88 patients complaining of tinnitus from speech therapy and otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics of the three school clinics. The Brazilian version presented high reliability, as evidenced by the Cronbach α value (α = 0.870), and strong correlation (rho = 0.760 and p = 0.000). Conclusion The high reliability found in the results demonstrates that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TFI is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the severity and impact of tinnitus on quality of life and changes related to its treatment.

Abstract Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, associated with the presence of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Cannabis has been used to alleviate symptoms associated with ASD. Method We carried out a systematic review of studies that investigated the clinical effects of cannabis and cannabinoid use on ASD, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA checklist). The search was carried out in four databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scopus, and Web of Science. No limits were established for language during the selection process. Nine studies were selected and analyzed. Results Some studies showed that cannabis products reduced the number and/or intensity of different symptoms, including hyperactivity, attacks of self-mutilation and anger, sleep problems, anxiety, restlessness, psychomotor agitation, irritability, aggressiveness perseverance, and depression. Moreover, they found an improvement in cognition, sensory sensitivity, attention, social interaction, and language. The most common adverse effects were sleep disorders, restlessness, nervousness and change in appetite. Conclusion Cannabis and cannabinoids may have promising effects in the treatment of symptoms related to ASD, and can be used as a therapeutic alternative in the relief of those symptoms. However, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are necessary to clarify findings on the effects of cannabis and its cannabinoids in individuals with ASD. Systematic review registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), code 164161.

RESUMO Objetivo: estabelecer o perfil dos indivíduos com zumbido, atendidos em um serviço de Saúde Auditiva e associar o sintoma com gênero, perfil audiológico e presença de vertigem. Métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo. Foi realizada a análise de 6.000 prontuários de indivíduos atendidos em um serviço de saúde auditiva, os dados coletados do prontuário foram: dados sociodemográficos, características da deficiência auditiva, caraterísticas do zumbido e da vertigem, entrevista fonoaudiológica, avaliações otorrinolaringológicas, audiológicas, otoneurológicas, estilo de vida e dos fatores de risco. A análise descritiva, foi realizada por meio do teste de associação Qui-quadrado, sendo adotado o nível de significância estatística de 5% (p<0,05) para a análise inferencial. Resultados: houve associação estatisticamente significante entre presença de zumbido e gênero, audição normal e vertigem e foi constatada também associação significante entre zumbido e perda auditiva condutiva unilateral e bilateral, perda auditiva sensorioneural unilateral e bilateral. Conclusão: houve associação significante, na população avaliada, para presença de zumbido e gênero feminino, audição normal, perda auditiva condutiva unilateral e bilateral, perda auditiva sensorioneural unilateral e bilateral e presença de vertigem.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to establish the profile of individuals with tinnitus treated at a Hearing Health service and to associate the symptom with gender, audiological profile, and presence of vertigo. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective study with an analysis of 6,000 medical records of individuals treated at a hearing health service was carried out. The data collected from the medical records were: sociodemographic data, characteristics of hearing impairment, characteristics of tinnitus and vertigo, speech therapy interview, and otorhinolaryngological, audiological, otoneurological assessments, characteristics of life style and risk factors. An descriptive analysis was performed using the Chi-square test of association, adopting a statistical significance level of 5% (p<0.05) for the inferential analysis. Results: there was a statistically significant association between the presence of tinnitus and gender, normal hearing, and vertigo, and a significant association was also found between tinnitus and unilateral and bilateral conductive hearing loss, and unilateral and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: there was a significant association, in the population evaluated, for the presence of tinnitus and female gender, normal hearing, unilateral and bilateral conductive hearing loss, unilateral and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and the presence of vertigo.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o desempenho de indivíduos com Trissomia 21 (T21) na avaliação simplificada com processamento auditivo central, identificando as habilidades alteradas, e comparar com o resultado obtido no questionário de autopercepção da audição aplicado aos pais. Métodos: estudo descritivo, observacional e de caráter quantitativo realizado na Clínica Escola de Fonoaudiologia de uma universidade pública. A amostra foi composta por 16 indivíduos com T21, com idade entre 8 e 33 anos. Foram realizados os testes da avaliação simplificada do processamento auditivo central, tais como: localização, memória sequencial verbal e não-verbal de forma diótica. Em seguida, aplicou-se o questionário de Escala de Funcionamento Auditivo (Scale Of Auditory Behaviors-SAB) aos pais/responsáveis dos indivíduos. Para análise estatística descritiva por meio do teste Qui-quadrado, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: na avaliação simplificada, 81,3% apresentaram resultados alterados para os testes de memória para sons verbais, 75% alterados para o teste de memória para sons não verbais e 37,5% com alteração para o teste de localização sonora. No questionário Escala de Funcionamento Auditivo, 62,5% das respostas indicaram alteração para o processamento auditivo central (PAC), demonstrando que a escala pode ser útil na identificação de alterações do PAC. Entretanto, não se observou associação significante entre o questionário e os resultados dos testes comportamentais. Conclusão: os resultados apontam para alteração das habilidades de memória sequencial verbal e não-verbal na maioria dos indivíduos avaliados. Por sua vez, os resultados da avaliação simplificada indicam necessidade de avaliação do PAC. Sendo assim, considera-se de grande importância a avaliação simplificada para detectar possíveis alterações do processamento auditivo central que podem interferir no aprendizado da comunicação e global dos indivíduos com a presença da trissomia 21.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the performance of individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) in the simplified assessment of central auditory processing, identify the impaired skills, and compare it with the results of the hearing self-perception questionnaire administered to the parents. Methods: a descriptive, observational, quantitative study conducted at the Speech-Language-Hearing Teaching Clinic of a public university. The sample comprised 16 individuals with T21, aged 8 to 33 years. Simplified assessment tests of central auditory processing were conducted, namely, sounds localization and sequential memory for verbal and nonverbal sounds, diotically. Then, the Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB) was administered to the subjects’ parents/guardians. The descriptive statistical analysis with the chi-square test considered p<0.05. Results: in the simplified assessment, 81.3% had abnormal results in the memory tests for verbal sounds; 75%, in the memory tests for nonverbal sounds; and 37.5%, in the sound localization test. In the Scale of Auditory Behaviors, 62.5% of the answers indicated changes in the central auditory processing, demonstrating that the scale can be useful to identify such changes. However, there was no significant association between the questionnaire and the behavioral test results. Conclusion: the results point to impaired sequential memory skills for verbal and nonverbal sounds in most individuals assessed. The simplified assessment results indicate the need for assessments of central auditory processing. Hence, the simplified assessment is highly important to detect possible changes in the central auditory processing that might interfere with the communication and overall learning of individuals presented with trisomy 21.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to present preliminary data on the influence of COVID-19 on the appearance and/or worsening of auditory and vestibular symptoms in the population of a Brazilian state. Methods: an observational, descriptive and quantitative approach of research, carried out from September 2020 to May 2021, in Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. The research consisted of a self-report questionnaire on the manifestation of COVID-19, general post-infection symptoms, and audio-vestibular symptoms before and after COVID-19, posted on social media using the snowball technique. Results: the sample consisted of 173 people, 89% reporting symptomatic manifestations of COVID-19 with home treatment, 6.9% being asymptomatic, and 4% symptomatic with hospital treatment. A decrease in smell was reported by 126 patients, headache by 76, tinnitus by 76, and dizziness by 72, after infection by COVID-19. An increase in audio-vestibular symptoms was observed, affecting even those who did not present them before COVID. Conclusions: the preliminary results of the research point to a high occurrence and worsening of auditory and vestibular symptoms, following COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, associated with the presence of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Cannabis has been used to alleviate symptoms associated with ASD. Method We carried out a systematic review of studies that investigated the clinical effects of cannabis and cannabinoid use on ASD, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA checklist). The search was carried out in four databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scopus, and Web of Science. No limits were established for language during the selection process. Nine studies were selected and analyzed. Results Some studies showed that cannabis products reduced the number and/or intensity of different symptoms, including hyperactivity, attacks of self-mutilation and anger, sleep problems, anxiety, restlessness, psychomotor agitation, irritability, aggressiveness perseverance, and depression. Moreover, they found an improvement in cognition, sensory sensitivity, attention, social interaction, and language. The most common adverse effects were sleep disorders, restlessness, nervousness and change in appetite. Conclusion Cannabis and cannabinoids may have promising effects in the treatment of symptoms related to ASD, and can be used as a therapeutic alternative in the relief of those symptoms. However, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are necessary to clarify findings on the effects of cannabis and its cannabinoids in individuals with ASD. Systematic review registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), code 164161.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar as habilidades auditivas de resolução e ordenação temporal em pessoas que gaguejam. Métodos: estudo observacional transversal analítico e comparativo entre o grupo estudo e o controle. Realizado numa Clínica-Escola de Fonoaudiologia de uma instituição de ensino com pessoas que gaguejam atendidos em projeto de extensão universitária, bem como por voluntários sem distúrbio de comunicação, no período de 13 meses. Os procedimentos realizados foram anamnese de percepção auditiva, imitanciometria, audiometria tonal e vocal para descartar alteração na audição. Para os participantes que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade, realizou-se a avaliação das habilidades de resolução e ordenação com os seguintes testes: Gaps in Noise; Random Gap Detection Test; Pitch Pattern Sequence; e Duration Pattern Sequence. Após a realização dos testes descritos acima, os dados obtidos foram alocados em planilha digital para análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: o grupo estudo apresentou alteração nas habilidades de resolução e ordenação temporal. Verificou-se, também, a diferença estatisticamente significante nos achados avaliativos dos grupos estudo e controle, quando comparados, para todos os testes realizados nas avaliações. Conclusão: observou-se alteração das habilidades de resolução e ordenação temporal nos indivíduos com gagueira, independentemente do gênero ou idade cronológica.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the auditory skills of temporal resolution and ordering in people who stutter. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative research between study and control groups conducted at a speech-language-hearing teaching clinic of an academic institution, comprising people who stutter (who attended a public outreach program) and volunteers without communicative disorders, for 13 months. The procedures used were auditory perception anamnesis, acoustic immittance, and pure-tone and speech audiometry to discharge hearing changes. The participants who met the eligibility criteria had their resolution and ordering skills assessed with the Gaps-in-Noise, Random Gap Detection, Pitch Pattern Sequence, and Duration Pattern Sequence tests and the data obtained were entered into a spreadsheet for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results: the study group presented changes in temporal resolution and ordering. A statistically significant difference was also verified comparing the assessment findings of the study and control groups, in all the assessment tests. Conclusion: temporal resolution and ordering changes were observed in the people presented with stuttering, regardless of sex or chronological age.

Resumo Introdução O zumbido caracteriza-se pela presença de som na ausência de estímulo sonoro externo. Em indivíduos com audiometria normal pode estar associado à dificuldade na atenção auditiva, principalmente naqueles que referem alto incômodo do zumbido. Objetivo Investigar a habilidade de atenção auditiva em indivíduos com queixa de zumbido. Método Pesquisa do tipo observacional analítica de caráter transversal. Foram avaliados 30 voluntários com audição normal (até 25 dBNA): 15 com zumbido (grupo teste) e 15 sem a queixa (grupo controle), entre 18 e 40 anos. Os voluntários responderam o questionário do handicap do zumbido – Tinnitus Handicap Inventory – e a escala visual analógica. Em seguida, fez-se a avaliação audiológica básica (meatoscopia, audiometria tonal, vocal e imitanciometria) e medidas psicoacústicas do zumbido (loudness e pitch). Para avaliar a atenção auditiva, foram usados os testes: potencial evocado auditivo cognitivo (P300), processamento auditivo central (dicótico de dígitos e de fala no ruído) e o de atenção auditiva sustentada. Resultados No Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, indivíduos com zumbido apresentaram escore médio de 37,78 (± 27,05); caracterizado por grau moderado. No teste dicótico de dígitos (separação binaural) percebeu-se diferença entre os grupos, nas duas orelhas. Além disso, houve diferença no teste de fala no ruído, em ambas as orelhas (OD: p = 0,044; OE: p = 0,019), no P300 (p = 0,049) e no teste de atenção auditiva sustentada total (p = 0,032). Além de correlação negativa entre o teste de atenção auditiva sustentada, decréscimo de vigilância e integração binaural (OD: p = 0,044; OE: p = 0,048). Conclusão Os indivíduos com zumbido apresentaram desempenho inferior ao grupo controle na habilidade de atenção auditiva. Portanto, infere-se que o zumbido está associado ao baixo desempenho na atenção auditiva seletiva e sustentada nos voluntários pesquisados. Tais aspectos devem ser considerados para o manejo do paciente com zumbido.

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is characterized by the presence of a sound in the absence of external sound stimulus. In individuals with normal audiometry, it may be associated with auditory attention difficulty, especially in those who report high tinnitus annoyance. Objective To investigate auditory attention ability in individuals with tinnitus complaint. Methods Cross-sectional analytical observational study. We evaluated 30 volunteers with normal hearing (up to 25 dBHL): 15 with tinnitus (test group) and 15 with no complaints (control group), aged between 18-40 years. The volunteers answered the tinnitus handicap inventory questionnaire and a visual analogue scale. Subsequently, a basic audiological evaluation (meatoscopy, tonal and vocal audiometry, and imittanciometry) and psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus (loudness and pitch) were performed. To evaluate auditory attention, the following tests were performed: auditory cognitive evoked potential (P300), central auditory processing tests (dichotic digits test and speech-in-noise test) and sustained auditory attention ability test. Results In the tinnitus handicap inventory, individuals with tinnitus had a mean score of 37.78 (±27.05), characterized as moderate degree. In the dichotic digits test (binaural separation), a difference was observed between the groups in both ears. Moreover, there was a difference in the speech-in-noise test in both ears (RE: p = 0.044; LE: p = 0.019), in P300 (p = 0.049) and in total sustained auditory attention ability test (p = 0.032). Also, there is a negative correlation between sustained auditory attention ability test, decrease in attentiveness and binaural integration (RE: p = 0.044; LE: p = 0.048). Conclusions Individuals with tinnitus had a poorer performance compared to the control group regarding auditory attention ability. Therefore, it is inferred that tinnitus is associated with poor performance in selective and sustained auditory attention in the assessed volunteers. These aspects should be considered for the management of patients with tinnitus.

RESUMO Este estudo apresenta análise de aspectos linguísticos, em nível segmental e suprassegmental, em indivíduos com síndrome de Down, com ou sem diagnóstico de apraxia da fala. Participaram dez indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade compreendida entre 13 e 32 anos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada individual e separadamente, em uma sessão terapêutica gravada. As tarefas de fala consistiram em repetição de palavras, repetição de sentenças e fala automática. As amostras de fala foram submetidas a transcrições fonéticas, com a descrição e análise das alterações fonoarticulatórias, tipologia das disfluências e alterações prosódicas. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes e considerando como significativo o p-valor≤0.05. Os indivíduos com apraxia de fala (n=6), comparados aos sem (n=4), apresentaram maior ocorrência das alterações fonoarticulatórias, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos nas alterações do tipo omissão (p=0,018) e imprecisão articulatória (p=0,030); maior ocorrência de disfluências, principalmente do tipo repetição de sílaba, e ocorrência de alterações prosódicas (83,3%) que não foram encontradas no grupo sem apraxia de fala. Revela-se a importância do diagnóstico diferencial das alterações de fala na síndrome de Down, com avaliação que considere os distintos aspectos linguísticos, pois as características da fala são diferenciadas e a intervenção clínica deve ser precoce e orientada por parâmetros específicos.

ABSTRACT This study presents an analysis of linguistic aspects at the segmental and suprasegmental levels in individuals with Down syndrome with or without a diagnosis of speech apraxia. Ten individuals of both sexes, aged between 13 and 32 years, participated in the study. Data collection was performed, individually and separately, in a video recorded therapeutic session. Speech tasks consisted of word repetition, repetition of sentences and automatic speech. The speech samples were submitted to phonetic transcription with a description and analysis of phonoarticulatory alterations, typology of disfluencies and prosodic alterations. The data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, using the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples and considering p-value≤0.05 as significant. Individuals with speech apraxia (n=6), compared with those without it (n=4), presented a higher occurrence of phonoarticulatory alterations, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups in omission (p=0.018) and articulatory inaccuracy (p=0.030) alterations; a higher occurrence of disfluencies, mainly of the syllable repetition type; and the occurrence of prosodic alterations (83.3%), which was not found in the group without speech apraxia. The importance of the differential diagnosis of speech disorders in Down syndrome is revealed with an evaluation that considers the different linguistic aspects resulting from the differentiation of the characteristics of speech. Clinical intervention should be early and guided by specific parameters.

Resumo Introdução: O zumbido é um sintoma auditivo de natureza subjetivo, normalmente associado a um som, mesmo na ausência de fontes sonoras externas. Apresenta diagnóstico complexo. Uma das formas de mensuração é o uso, isolado ou em conjunto, de questionários de autoavaliação, como o Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, a escala visual analógica e o exame de acufenometria. Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre os métodos de mensuração do zumbido: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, escala visual analógica e acufenometria. Método: Participaram do estudo 148 pacientes com queixa de zumbido crônico. Realizou-se avaliação otorrinolaringológica, anamnese direcionada ao zumbido, audiometria (tonal e vocal), imitanciometria, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, escala visual analógica e acufenometria. O estudo foi registrado no comitê de ética da instituição, com nº 0129/12. Resultados: Em relação à frequência das respostas do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, foi observada maior ocorrência do grau leve. Observou-se uma média de 6 pontos na escala visual analógica. A média da sensação de intensidade medida na acufenometria na orelha direita foi de 20 dBNS e na orelha esquerda foi de 17 dBNS. Quanto ao tipo de estímulo, o mais encontrado foi o tom puro contínuo. A sensação de frequência, no maior número de casos, foi de 6.000 Hz Entre as medidas do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory e da escala visual analógica, observou-se correlação significante. À medida que um valor aumenta o outro também aumenta. Os resultados da acufenometria e da escala visual analógica também apresentam significância. Conclusão: Houve correlação significante entre os valores medidos pelo Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, escala visual analógica (incômodo) e acufenometria (loudness) na avaliação do zumbido. A escolha de um dos três métodos avaliativos para pesquisa do zumbido fornece dimensões diferentes do zumbido e se complementam.

Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is a subjective auditory symptom usually associated with a sound, even in the absence of external sound sources. Its diagnosis is complex, and some of the forms of measurement alone or in combination, include self-assessment questionnaires, such as the tinnitus handicap inventory, the visual analog scale and/or pitch and loudness matching. Objective: To analyze the correlation among three tinnitus measurement methods: tinnitus handicap inventory, visual analog scale and pitch and loudness matching. Methods: The study consisted of 148 patients complaining of chronic tinnitus. An otorhinolaryngological evaluation, anamnesis directed to tinnitus, audiometry (pure tone and speech), imitanciometry, tinnitus handicap inventory, visual analog scale, and pitch and loudness matching were performed. The study was registered in the Ethics Committee of the Institution with no. 0129/12. Results: Regarding the frequency of tinnitus handicap inventory responses, a higher occurrence of the mild degree was observed. An average of 6 points was observed on the visual analog scale. The mean loudness matching in the right ear was 20 dBNS, and in the left ear was 17 dBNS. As for the type of stimulus, the most found was continuous pure tone. The frequency of the pitch sensation was 6000 Hz in the largest number of cases. Regarding the measures of tinnitus handicap inventory and the visual analogical scale, a significant correlation was observed, and as one value increases the other also increases. Pitch and loudness matching and the visual analogical scale results are also significant. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the values measured by the tinnitus handicap inventory, visual analogical scale (annoyance) and loudness matching in the evaluation of tinnitus. The selection of any one of the three evaluative methods for tinnitus investigation provides different dimensions of the tinnitus and complements the others.

Abstract Introduction Cochlear implants are currently the most effective technological resource to facilitate access to the hearing world for deaf people. Their use, especially when implanted early in children, reduces the impact of deafness on hearing as well as on the development of spoken language. Objective To validate the first part of the Brazilian Scale of Hearing and Language Development (EDAL-1, in the Portuguese acronym) and to establish the normal curve in infants and children aged between 0 and 24 months old with normal hearing. Method This is an experimental study of a descriptive nature, conducted with 92 infants and children with normal hearing. Every infant/child was evaluated audiologically, and the EDAL-1 was applied to their parents. The responses were categorized by applying the EDAL-1 every 3 months for each child. Results The EDAL-1 was shown to be easily applied by the researcher and easily understood by the parents. It was possible to classify the sample every 3 months and describe the results. The average of the responses found in terms of scores for each age category shows an increasing scale following the evolution of the chronological age: 3 months-34.23 points; 6 months-54.68 points; 9 months-73 points; 12 months- 82.5 points; 15 months-87 points; 18 months-91 points; 21 months-92.5 points, and 24 months-95.83 points. Conclusion The normal curve for EDAL-1 was successfully established. The averages can be considered as the standard protocol for normality, serving as a reference for comparison with other populations.

Abstract Introduction Dichotic listening refers to the ability to hear different sounds presented to each ear simultaneously. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess dichotic listening in women throughout the menstrual cycle. Methods The volunteers who met the eligibility criteria participated in a dichotic listening assessment composed of three tests: 1) staggered spondaic word test; 2) dichotic digits test; and 3) consonant-vowel test. The female participants were tested during two different phases of the menstrual cycle: the follicular (days 11 to 13) and luteal (days 23 to 26) phases. The phases were confirmed by measuring serum levels of the hormone estradiol. Results A total of 20 volunteers aged 18 to 49 years participated in the study (9 females and 11 males). In test 1, only the right ear of females showed better performance during the follicular phase (high estrogen levels), compared with the luteal phase (low estrogen levels); in test 2, there were no significant differences for any of the groups; and in test 3, both males and females showed significantly better performance in their right ear compared with their left ear. Conclusion The better performance of females during the follicular phase of the cycle may indicate that estrogen levels might have an influence on dichotic listening in women.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o desempenho auditivo e de linguagem oral em crianças implantadas com menos de dois anos de idade auditiva, por meio da Escala de Desenvolvimento de Audição e Linguagem (EDAL-1) e comparar os resultados aos de crianças ouvintes até 2 anos de idade. Métodos Estudo experimental de caráter descritivo. Participaram 141 crianças, divididas em dois grupos: grupo controle, com 92 normo-ouvintes, e grupo experimental, com 49 crianças surdas acompanhadas audiologicamente, durante os dois primeiros anos após a implantação. As normo-ouvintes passaram por avaliação auditiva e os pais responderam ao questionário EDAL-1. As crianças implantadas passaram por avaliação otorrinolaringológica e fonoaudiológica a cada três meses e os pais responderam ao EDAL-1. Resultados Nos dois grupos foram observadas respostas ascendentes, com melhora de acordo com o aumento da idade cronológica. Os resultados obtidos no grupo experimental foram estatisticamente piores que no grupo controle, porém, com tendência de crescimento. O EDAL-1 mostrou-se de fácil aplicação e permitiu o monitoramento do desempenho das crianças implantadas. Conclusão O desempenho auditivo e de linguagem oral em crianças surdas, usuárias de implante coclear, foi caracterizado pelo EDAL-1 e mostrou-se em crescimento, conforme o aumento do tempo de estimulação auditiva, fato também observado nas crianças ouvintes. Apesar disso, os resultados das crianças ouvintes foram melhores que os das crianças surdas implantadas.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize Auditory and oral language performance in children under 2 years of age with Hearing and Language Development Scale (EDAL-1) and to compare the results to those of hearing children up to two years of age. Methods This is an experimental study of descriptive nature. A total of 141 children were divided into two groups: control group with 92 normal hearing, and the experimental group with 49 deaf children followed audiologically during the first two years after implantation. Normal hearing children underwent auditory assessment and parents responded to EDAL-1. The children implanted, every three months, underwent otorhinolaryngological and speech-language evaluation, and the parents answered EDAL-1. Results In both groups we observed upward responses, with improvement as chronological and auditory age increases. Results obtained in the study group are statistically worse than in the control group, but with a tendency to grow. EDAL-1 was easy to apply and allowed to monitor the performance of the implanted children. Conclusion Oral and auditory performance in deaf children with cochlear implants was characterized by EDAL-1, and it was shown to be growing as the time of auditory stimulation increased, a fact also seen in hearing children. Despite this, the results of the hearing children were better than those of the deaf children implanted.